Iris Publishers
Authored by ZH Aliyev
It is known from the brief nature of the
territory of the research district that the date of establishment of Agjabadi
district - 08.08.1930 The territory - 1.76 thousand sq.m. km Population - 136.8
thousand people (January 1, 2020) Population density - 1 sq. km. km 78 people
(January 1, 2020). Agjabedi district is located in Mil and Garabagh plains of
Kur-Araz lowland. Agjabedi city and Sarvanlar, Kurds, Minakhorlu, Garavelli,
Galabadin, Avshar, Muganli, Shahsevan, Koyuk, Tazakend, Khojavend, Salmanbeyli,
Ashagi Avshar, Hindarkh, Imamgulu-beyli, Mirzahagverdili, Sarijali,
Balakhrizli, Taynaq, Poinag , Sharafkhanli, Shotlanli, Shenlik, Husulu,
Ranjbarlar, Boyat, Hajilar, Garakhanli, Hajibadalli, Pariogullar, Agabeyli,
Garadolag, Mehrabli, Kabirli, Aran, Yeni Garadolag, Najaf-gulubeyli,
Qiyameddinli, Shahsevan-Tazakand, Shahsevan-Tazakand, Includes Jafarbeyli and
Yukhari Qiyameddinli villages. The relief of the region is flat, gradually
rising from the north-east to the south-west. The surface of the area is
composed of continental-alluvial and marine sediments of the Anthropogenic
system. There is a clay deposit. The climate is temperate hot, dry subtropical.
The average temperature is 1.2-1.7 ° C in January and 25-26 ° C in July. Annual
precipitation is 300-500 mm. The river network is sparse. The Kura River flows
along the north-eastern border, and the Gargar River flows through the central
part. The Upper Karabakh canal passes through the region. There is a salt lake
in the area. Gray-meadow, gray, meadow-gray soils are widespread. In the
central part, saline and saline soils are found. The plants are of steppe and
semi-desert type. There are bushes and sparse Tugay forests on the banks of the
Kura River. Animals: gazelle, wolf, wild boar, jackal, fox, swamp beaver,
badger, gray rabbit, Asia Minor sand mouse, etc. Birds: turkey, pigeon, black
grouse, pheasant, etc. Aggol National Park is located in Agjabadi district. 15
species of animals, 20 species of fish and 40 species of plants have been
recorded here. Agjabadi is mainly an agricultural region. Fruit growing, cotton
growing, grain growing, silkworm breeding, animal husbandry, etc. developed.
Keywords: Soil formation; Soil cover; Gray-meadow;
Light gray-meadow; Heavy clayey; Light clayey salinity; Salinity; Erosion
Introduction
The establishment of Garadolag village is
connected with the name of Garadolag tribe. In the 18th century, Panahali khan
moved some of the Garadolags to Karabakh as part of the Kangarli. .As a result
of the Kura flood in 1938, the Garadolags were relocated from the Kurkiragi
areas where they settled to the area where they now live. Here they created
Garadolag and then Yeni Garadolag villages. Garadolag village has an area of
32.7 square kilometers and a population of 3139 people. The main occupations of
the population are agriculture and animal husbandry.
The
course of the study
In accordance with the requirements of the
existing agroindustrial grouping, in April 2017, a soil survey was conducted in
the administrative territory of Yeni Garadolag village of Agjabedi district and the following was determined:
The total area of the surveyed area is
2180.77 ha. Land survey works covered an area of 1802.75 hectares.
The
area is divided into the following natural areas:
Planting 1760.78 ha
Dinc 15.53 ha
Clean pasture 26.00 ha
Perennial plantings 0.44 ha
Other lands 378.02 ha
During the study, 82 sections were
excavated in the area and morphological features were described in genetic layers.
Soil samples were taken from the excavated sections and the following
analytical-laboratory researches were carried out on them and the results were analyzed:
• Hygroscopic moisture - by thermal method
• Granulometric composition - by
Kaczynski’s pipette method
• General humus - by the method of Tyurin
• Total nitrogen - By calculation
• Carbonate - With a calcimeter device
• Absorbed Ca and Mg - by Ivanov method
• Absorbed Na - by Hedroyts method
• pH water suspension - with pH meter
Thus, based on the results of field soil
research and laboratory analysis, a soil map was prepared on a topographic
basis and a report was written. Archival materials were used in compiling the
maps and writing the report. From the scale of Professor RH Mammadov in
determining the granulometric composition was used.
Natural
conditions
Geographical position: The studied area is
bounded on the north-west and north by Avshar village, on the east by Garadolag
village, on the south-east by Mehrabli village, on the south by Kabirli
village, on the south-west by Aran village and on the west. Avshar and Aran
villages of winter pasture No. 104 are bordered by territorial lands.
Relief: Relief, as a structure of the earth’s surface,
is directly involved in the formation of land cover as a factor in soil
formation. It plays an important role in changing chemical and biological
processes, hydrothermal regime and microclimate. Thus, the distribution of
solar energy and atmospheric sediments is directly related to relief. The
relief of the studied area consists of sloping and wavy plains.
Climate: Climate is one of the important factors as
a factor in soil formation. Agjabedi district is located in the Kur-Araz
lowland, in the western part of the Mill plain. The climate of the area is
temperate hot semi-desert and dry steppes with dry summers, weak humidification
is characterized by hot summers. The average temperature in January is 1.8 0C,
the average temperature in July is 260C. The average annual relative humidity
is 73%. The annual rainfall is 332 mm, mainly in spring and autumn. 980 mm of
possible evaporation from the surface cover per year. The average annual soil
surface temperature is 180C (Table 1).
Vegetation: Vegetation is a key factor in the process
of soil formation and the formation of soil cover. The increase in soil fertility
with the formation of organic matter depends on the density of vegetation.
Maintaining normal soil moisture, reducing the washing effect of water,
preventing the formation and development of the erosion process are closely
related to vegetation.
In the area we studied, we found sagebrush,
wild clover, cattail, solid guramid, yellow flower, carnation, reed, yagtikan,
invitation, meadow, etc. plants are widespread. Cultivated crops are also grown
in the area.Soil-forming rocks. Soil-forming rocks affect the granulometric
composition, chemical and mineralogical composition of the soil, causing the
formation of soil profile and genetic layers. The chemical composition of the
parent rock plays an important role in the process of soil formation. The richer
the parent rock, the better the quality of the soil formed on it. Thus, the
soils of the area under study were formed on alluvial sediments.
Ground cover. According to the results of
field soil research and laboratory analysis, the following soil types and
subtypes are widespread in the area.
• Gray-meadow soils
• Light gray-meadow soils
I. Gray-meadow soils
Gray-meadow soils cover 761.47 ha or 34.92%
of the total area, spreading to the west and east of the study area.
These soils are due to their granulometric
composition and soil layer thickness; 1) Divided into heavy clayey, thick,
gray-meadow species.
To get acquainted with the characteristic
morphological features of these soils, we give a description of section 29
excavated in the area.
• 0-23 cm gray, topavari, heavy clayey,
solid, tubers and rhizomes, boiling, dry, the transition is clear
• 23-54 cm light gray, topavari, light
clay, less solid, root residue, boils, slightly moist, the transition is
gradual
• 54-89 cm light gray, small clump, light
clay, less solid, insect tracts, boils, less moisture, the transition is
gradual
• 89-127 cm grayish, small topavari, light
clay, soft, rust spots, boils, less moisture, the transition is gradual
• 127-156 cm straw, not selected, light
clay, soft, carbonate stains, boiling, wet It is clear from the morphological
description of the section that the color of these soils is gray in the upper
layer, light gray and gray in the middle layer, and straw in the lower layer. The
structure is not selected on the top layer, topavari and small topavari on the
middle layer, and on the bottom layer. The granulometric composition was heavy
clayey, and the length of the profile was wool the rose is clay. The density is
hard on the top layer and less hard and soft on the bottom layers.
Roots and rhizomes, root residues, insect
tracts, rust and carbonate stains are found along the profile from new
derivatives and marshes.
These soils are boiled under the influence
of 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Humidity is dry in the upper layer,
slightly moist in the middle layers, and moist in the lower layer. Transitions
to genetic layers are clear and gradual throughout the profile.
According to the results of laboratory
analysis, the granulometric composition of gray-meadow soils is heavily clayey.
Thus, the amount of physical clay in these soils is 47.80-49.18% in the upper
layers, and the profile length is 47.80-55.84% (Table 2).
Table 2: I) Granulometric composition of
gray-meadow soils (in absolute dry soil, in %).
The hygroscopic humidity of the main
components varies between 4.1-5.3% throughout the profile.
Total humus is 2.07-2.23% in the upper
layers, and the profile length is 1.09-2.23%. According to the total humus, the
total nitrogen content is 0.10-0.17%. The amount of carbonate is 10.69- 13.68%
throughout the profile. The pH in the water suspension is 8.20-8.33 units,
which indicates that these soils are alkaline (Table 3).
The total amount of absorbed bases in
gray-meadow soils is 28.40-32.95 mg. As a percentage, the Ca base is
62.08-63.74%, the Mg cation is 33.33-35.24%, and the Na cation is 2.68-3.17%
(Table 4).
II. Light gray-meadow soils
Light gray-meadow soils cover 1041.28 ha or
47.75% of the total area, spreading to the north and south of the study area.
These soils are divided into the following
types according to their granulometric composition and thickness of the soil
layer.
• Light clay, thick, light gray-meadow
• Heavy clayey, thick, light gray-meadow
To get acquainted with the characteristic
morphological features of these soils, we give a description of section 55
excavated in the area.
• 0-22 cm light gray, topavari, light clay,
solid, rootand roots, boiling, dry, clear transition
• 22-55 cm light gray, topavari, light
clayey, less solid, root residue, boil, dry u, the transition is gradual
• 55-88 cm grayish, small clumpy, lightly
clayey, less solid, vertical cracks, boils, less moisture, gradual transition
• 88-122 cm grayish, small topavari, light
clay, soft, rust stains, boils, less moisture, gradual transition
• 122-155 cm straw, not selected, light
clay, soft, carbonate spots, boils, less moisture.
It is clear from the morphological
description of the section that the color of these soils is light gray in the
upper layer, light gray and gray in the middle layers, and straw in the lower
layer. The structure is not selected on the top layer, topavari and small
topavari on the middle layer, and on the bottom layer. The granulometric
composition is light clay throughout the profile. The density is hard on the
top layer and less hard and soft on the bottom layers. Roots and rhizomes, root
residue, vertical cracks, rust and carbonate stains are found along the profile
from new derivatives and alloys. These soils are boiled under the influence of
10% hydrochloric acid (HCl). Humidity is dry in the upper layers and less moist
in the lower layers. Transitions to genetic layers are clear and gradual
throughout the profile.
According to the results of laboratory
analysis, the granulometric composition of light gray-meadow soils is light
clayey and heavy clayey. Thus, the amount of physical clay in these soils is
45.16- 52.08% in the upper layers, and the profile length is 45.16-55.96%
(Table 5).
The hygroscopic humidity of the main
components varies between 4.3-5.3% throughout the profile. Total humus is 1.74-
1.96% in the upper layers, and the profile length is 0.76-1.96%. According to
the total humus, the amount of total nitrogen is 0.08- 0.16%. The amount of
carbonate is 10.26-14.11% throughout the profile. The pH in the water
suspension is 8.19-8.34 units, which indicates that these soils are alkaline
(Table 6).
The total amount of absorbed bases in light gray-meadow soils is 26.30-33.05 mg. The percentage of Ca cations is 60.41-63.41%, the Mg cation is 34.01-36.57%, and the Na cation is 2.44-3.28% (Table 7).
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