Iris Publishers Agriculture Soil Science

Abstract Seed quality is one of the most important factors for stand establishment in cotton (Gossypium Sp.), and the use of good quality seeds is therefore essential to obtain an optimum plant population. Conditions prevailing during seed formation can affect the quality of seed produced, and hence crop establishment in the next growing season. These conditions can affect the germination of the seeds and the ability of the seedlings to emerge from soil, these being the most critical stages during the life cycle of cotton plant. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), foliar application of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca), the use of plant growth retardants (PGR’s) [eg., 1, 1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride (MC); 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CC); or succinic acid 2, 2-dimethyl hydrazide (SADH)], during square initiation and boll setting stage, on growth, seed yield, seed viability, and seedling vigor...

Yam-Based Cropping Systems Performances with Chemical Fertilizers Authored by Raphiou Maliki Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a tuber crop widely cultivated in the humid and sub-humid lowland regions of West Africa and the Caribbean. More than 90% of the worldwide production (40 million metric tons of fresh tubers year-1) is produced in West Africa [1].   Yam cultivation in West Africa is now confronted with the scarcity of fertile soil available for clearing [2]. In Benin nowadays, farmers hardly have the possibility to rely on long duration fallow and yam is being cultivated in 1 or 2-year herbaceous fallow–yam or maize-yam rotation systems with manual incorporation of residue into the soil.   The decline in yam yields under continuous cultivation has led to the largely accepted conclusion that yam requires a high level of natural soil fertility (organic matter and nutrient) (O’Sulllivan and Ernest, 2008). Since the demand for yam keeps increasing due to the continued population gro...

Viability of Microorganisms in The Conditions of Permafrost Authored by Neustroev МP The generally accepted warming of the climate in the Arctic may increase the risk of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases of humans and animals due to the melting of permafrost, the intensive development of natural resources, controlled and uncontrolled paleontological excavations, expansion of vector habitats (insects, rodents), changes in the migration routes of migratory birds. It is very important to know the survival time of microorganisms in the environment for the sanitary-bacteriological assessment of environmental objects, as well as determining the possible period of contamination by their pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora in case that they are released by sick animals or bacteria carriers. To read more about this article:  https://irispublishers.com/wjass/fulltext/viability-of-microorganisms-in-the-conditions-of-permafrost.ID.000547.php To k...

On Accounting for Evaporation or Infiltration Free Surface in Some Problems of Filtration Theory Authorized by Bereslavskii Eduard Naumovich The following filtration flows with unknown free boundaries are investigated: • in case of a flow past the Zhukovsky groove in the case when the soil layer is underlain along its entire length with an impermeable base and evaporation from the free surface occurs; • in case of a flow past the Zhukovsky groove in the case when the underlying layer is a completely well-permeable aquifer and infiltration occurs on the free surface; To read more about this article:  Agriculture and Soil Science To know more about  Journals :  Iris Publishers For more Information: https://irispublishers.com/wjass/fulltext/on-accounting-for-evaporation-or-infiltration-free-surface-in-some-problems-of-filtration-theory.ID.000544.php

The Effectiveness of Soil and Water Conservation as Climate Smart Agricultural Practice and Its Contribution to Smallholder Farmers’ Livelihoods. The Case of Bambasi District Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Northwest of Ethiopia Authorized by Dereje Mosissa This study is an investigation of effectiveness of soil and water conservation practices as climate smart agriculture and its’ contribution to the livelihoods of smallholder’s farmers in Bambasi District of Northwestern Ethiopia. It was hypothesized that there is no relationship between factors contributing to the adoption of SWC technologies and a number of SWC technologies adopted, as well as there is no relationship between the number of SWC technologies used by farmers and access to the livelihood assets. In order to address the objectives, both primary and secondary data were used for the study. The study applied a non-experimental design (explanatory) to collect primary data from a sample of 270 households drawn...

Analysis of Growth Performance Data in Sheep using Linear Mixed Model Authorized by Mekonnen Tilahun The annual Ethiopian goat meat and mutton production is very low. Major causes contributing to such low meat production include slaughtering animals at immature bodyweights, poor genetic potential of the local breeds, poor feeding conditions and policy issues. Increasing the current level of productivity is essential to provide meat to the ever-increasing human population and to satisfy the huge demand of live-animal export to neighboring countries. To read more about this article:  Agriculture and Soil Science To know more about  Journals :  Iris Publishers For more Information: https://irispublishers.com/wjass/fulltext/analysis-of-growth-performance-data-in-sheep-using-linear-mixed-model.ID.000541.php

Use Rodents as an Indicator of Environmental Pollution Authorized by Abd El Aleem Saad Soliman Desoky Human is one of the biggest factors that cause pollution in the environment at the local or global level. At the local level, the impact of man is confined to the small environment surrounding it. On the global level, the effect of human pollution of the atmosphere resulting in global climate change. Therefore, rodents can be used as a biological indicator to assess the damage caused to the environment as a result of exposure to pollution factors that cause imbalance in the environment and affected by humans, plants and animals. To read more about this article:  Agriculture and Soil Science To know more about  Journals :  Iris Publishers For more Information: https://irispublishers.com/wjass/fulltext/use-rodents-as-an-indicator-of-environmental-pollution.ID.000539.php

Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Time of Application Affected Yield and Quality of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) at Tepi, Southwestern Ethiopia Authorized by Behailu Mekonnen Turmeric is one of the most widely grown spice crop in southwestern part of Ethiopia. However, the yield and quality of this crop is low due to many factors. In 2016/2017 main cropping season, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen rate and time of application on yield and quality of turmeric at Tepi. The study consists of five nitrogen rates (0, 46, 69, 92, 115 kg ha-1) and five split applications time (full dose at emergence, half at emergence + half at lag growth stage, 1/3rd at emergence + 1/3rd at lag growth stage + 1/3rd at tillering stage, 1/4th at emergence + 1/4th at lag growth stage + 1/4th at tillering stage + 1/4th at slow growth stage, and 1/5th at emergence + 1/5th at lag growth stage + 1/5th at tillering stage + 1/5th at slow growth stage + 1/5th at maturity stage )...

Experience from Traditional Irrigation Management in Ethiopia. Case Study of Holetta River Authorized by Getamesay Shiwenzu The main objective of the study was to assess experience of Holetta River to traditional irrigation users. In the study both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. By Purposive and convenient sampling methods open ended questionnaire and unstructured interview were employed along with direct observation. The management of the river very challengeable. Access to water doesn’t account for the type of crop and its stage, land hold and distant from the primary channel. Also, farmers make unlawful acts coupled with inefficient application of community the correct the problems. On the other hand, the participation of the community on the efficient management of the river is not effective. Therefore, improving the management of the irrigation is important by involving all concerning bodies. In the future it is imperative to made capaci...

Destroyed Windbreaks as One of The Main Causes of Agricultural Production Decrease in Georgia Authorized by Tamaz Patarkalashvili Windbreaks have very important economic, social and environmental value for sustainable development of the country. They increase crop and fruit quality and yield in sheltered areas by providing lower temperatures, increasing relative humidity and retaining soil moisture, reducing damage of soil erosion due to strong winds. The first windbreaks have been planted in Georgia in the early 1960s. Since that time they were developed in all agricultural lands in East and West parts of the country and played their positive role in increasing yields of different kind of crops (wheat, rye, corn, barley etc.), especially in East Georgia, as well as in West Georgia-tea and citrus yields (mandarins, oranges, lemons feijoas). In the Soviet period windbreaks always maintained well. To read more about this article:  Agriculture and Soil Science To kno...

Arbuscular Micorrizal Fungi and Farm Management Practices Authorized by Eduardo Jose Azevedo Correa Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are commonly present in most tropical land ecosystems; however, high rates of fertilization can disrupt their life cycle. The AMF occurrence in different crop systems compared to native vegetation in tropical conditions is not well understood. With the aim to analyze potentially benefic symbionts for crop production in an experimental farm, the AMF community structure along different crop cultivation was investigated. Soil subsamples were used to inoculate trap cultures using Sorghum sp. as host. The preserved unfertilized area showed a greater diversity of AMF, followed by the grassland and sugarcane. Number of AMF spores was also greater in the preserved area (47 spores per 100g soil) than the numbers estimated for other sites. To read more about this article:  Agriculture and Soil Science To know more about  Journals :...

Target and Non-Target Lepidopteran Pest IPM in Brazil Bt Crop Refuge Areas Authorized by Lucas S Barrosa Among the largest fibers and grains cash crop, Brazil is one of the largest commodity agricultural producer in the world. However, the insect’s pest intense attack has limited the Brazilian agricultural crops productivity and sustainability of the main as soybean, corn and cotton [1]. After genetically modified crops expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium (Bt) market released as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tool, especially for Lepidoptera order pest control, most of growers believed that losses by insect pests damage would be minimized. To read more about this article:  Agriculture and Soil Science To know more about  Journals :  Iris Publishers For more Information: https://irispublishers.com/wjass/fulltext/target-and-non-target-lepidopteran-pest-ipm-in-brazil-bt-crop-refuge-areas.ID.000530.php

Review on the Production and Marketing of Banana in Ethiopia Authorized by Zinabu Ambisa The review was mainly focused on to review the production and marketing of banana in Ethiopia. Specifically aims to review the overall status of banana production, banana marketing and its constraints in the Ethiopia. Dessert banana and plantain (Musa sp.) are the fourth most important staple food crops in the world after rice, wheat and maize. Currently banana in Ethiopia covers about 59.64% (53,956.13 hectares) of the total fruit area, about 68% (478,251.04 ton) of the total fruit produced, and about 38.3% (2,574.035) of the total fruit producing farmers. On the other hand, about 68.72% (37,076.83 hectares) of land covered by banana, about 77.52% (370,784.17 ton) of the banana production, and 22.38% (1,504,207) of the banana producers in Ethiopia are found in the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS). To read more about this article:  Agriculture...

Development of a Dynamic Model for Predicting Humic and Fulvic Acids Production in a Composting Process Using Olive Mill Wastes Authorized by Apostolos Vlyssides In this work, a dynamic mathematical model for the prediction of fulvic (FA, g/kg) and humic acids (HA, g/kg) production during the humification stage of an olive mill waste residues (OMWR) composting process was developed. The dynamic modeling technique was applied successfully to the data record from an industrial composting process using OMWR as organic substrate collected from different III-phase olive mills. The applied prediction technique was based on time series theory and on regression analysis by residuals. The effect of pH, of Water Holding Capacity (WHC, %), of Electrical Conductivity (EC, mS/cm) and of ammonium nitrogen concertation (N-NH4, g/kg of TS) on FA and HA production was examined using daily measurements of all the above parameters for the last sixty days of the composting period. The experiment...

Utilization of Raw, Dehullled, Autoclaved and Soaked Pea Pisum Sativum Seed Meals as Replacement for Fishmeal in Practical Diet Formulation for Juvenile Sea Bass in a Recirculating System A 60-day feeding experiment on sea bass, Lates calcariform was conducted at the UPV Multi- Species Hatchery from September 23 - November 21, 2017. Healthy juveniles with an average initial weight of 0.09g were randomly stocked at twenty-five fish per tank at three replicates per treatment in fifteen 100-l conical tanks connected to a recirculating system under a photoperiod of 12h light and 12h dark. Five experimental diets were formulated to be isocaloric (40%) and isolipidic (10%) consisting of a Control Diet (without green pea); raw green pea, RGP (Diet 1); dehulled green pea, DGP (Diet 2); autoclaved green pea, AGP (Diet 3 ) and soaked green peas, SGP (Diet 4) to replace about 10-11% of the total protein in the diets. The percent weight gain (% WG) of sea bass fed control diet (1544±2.60%) ...

Biofertilizers, fertilizers made from organic residues, could replace some mineral fertilizers, reducing energy consumption and resource mining. The main treatment options are composting, anaerobic digestion, drying, pyrolysis and combustion, they can be used alone or in combination. The quality of biofertilizers depend both on the original residue and on the treatment, but in most cases not all the nutrients are immediately available to plants. It is difficult to predict how available the nutrients are, and when they will become available. The methods to assess and predict nutrient availability are reviewed. Furthermore, the effect of biofertilizers on the environment in the form of nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions are reviewed and compared to mineral fertilizers. There is a need to produce biofertilizers with better and more predictable qualities, and also to understand their effects over multiple seasons. For More Open Access Journals in Iris Publishers Ple...

The study aimed to provide valuable information for the promotion of vine by-products in fuelling small-to-medium size enterprises near wine/spirit processing industries. The objective was to evaluate and compare the ashes produced from both fixed and fluidized bed combustion of these wastes and their mixtures. Ashes were characterized by mineralogical, chemical, thermal and fusibility analyses and water leaching tests were conducted to remove problematic elements. Slagging/fouling propensities of ashes were determined, and their environmental impact and potential uses were assessed. For More Open Access Journals in Iris Publishers Please Click on: https://irispublishers.com/ For More Articles in World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science : https://irispublishers.com/wjass/

World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science A significant part of the world’s fruticulture is rainfed managed. Olive, almond and vine are some of the perennial crops whose social and economic importance is huge throughout the Mediterranean basin and which mostly continue to be grown in rainfed conditions. Cover cropping is the most recommended soil management system in fruit growing. However, in rainfed managed orchards, soil tillage continues to dominate, and the use of herbicides is also widely used. In rainfed conditions there is a high risk of competition for water between herbaceous vegetation and trees, which makes difficult the widespread use of cover crops. However, there seem to be new clues to overcoming the problem, consisting of the use of less competitive plants, such as early-maturing self-reseeding annual legumes. These plants are able to protect the soil from erosion, sequester carbon and increase soil organic matter, fix nitrogen and promote the nutritional sta...

World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science Animal production is a booming industry with the improvement of economically desirable traits as its primary concern. Markerassisted selection utilizes genetic variations within candidate genes that influence production traits as a means of guiding animal breeding and improving the traits of interest. Growth hormone (GH) plays a crucial role in pre-natal muscular and bone growth and development. GH brings about various physiological functions either directly by binding its receptor or indirectly by stimulating the release of insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1). Insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) mediates its function on metabolism, homeostasis and development upon the binding of IGF1. The POU-domain class 1 transcription factor 1 (POU1F1) regulates the pre-natal development of cells of the anterior pituitary, including somatotrophs that produce GH. Reports have demonstrated associations between polymorphisms in these genes a...