Iris Publishers Agriculture Soil Science

Modelling the Relationship Between Agricultural Commodity Prices, Energy Prices, And Exchange Rate: Evidence from A Three Stage Markov-Switching Model Authored by Yegnanew A Shiferaw Commodity price volatility originating from excessive commodity price fluctuation has been a global problem, especially after the recent financial crises. Commodity prices are categorized by periods of sharp fluctuations in prices, and the level of volatility itself changes over time [1]. Interest rises on modelling and analyzing the dynamic behavior of financial quantities observed through time after the groundbreaking papers by Engle [2] and Bollerslev [3]. However, there are changes on financial and macroeconomic quantities in their behavior over a sample period. Financial crises can cause dramatic fluctuations in the behavior of many economic time series [4]. They can also abruptly change the government policy. Markov Switching models have been presented to consist of sudden parameter changes in models...

Chitin, Chitosan and Glucan, Properties and Applications Authored by EM El Kady This review characterizes the most common natural polysaccharides and the presence of huge structural tendencies for the production of biologically active compounds, which have innovative characteristics and functions of different applications, especially in the field of biomedicine. such as glucan, chitin and chitosan (very basic) of living organisms and their properties involves solubility in different media, viscosity, behavior polyelectrolyte, forming polyoxysalt, visual ability to form films, chelation’s metals, and structural properties as molecular weight (Mw) and conformation. Their applications are also demonstrated, such as: biomedicine (antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal anti-viral, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-parasitic, anti-diabetic, detoxification, anti-tumor and immunomodulating), agriculture, food industry, textile industry, and paper making. Inter...

Oil Mill Wastewater and its Effects Authored by Serafina Andiloro Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is the liquid by-product generated during olive oil production. Different papers have discussed the effects of OMW discharge on soil characteristics, plant production and phytotoxicity. OMW are characterized by high organic load, concentrations of total suspended solids and phenolic compounds, and depends on the olives degree of ripening and the post-harvest, storage conditions, oil and grease. The relationship between soil and OMW is also in dependence of their quantity and qualitative chemical composition. It is noteworthing that the quantity and the quality of OMW is influenced by the olive oil extraction system. In a so called three phases system 50-70 L of lukewarm water are added per 100 kg olive fruits in the horizzontal centrifuge (decanter), whereas 0-20 L of lukewarm water are added per 100 kg olive fruits in a so called tw o phases system. As a consequence a three phases system prod...

  Smallholder Farmer’s Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change in The Case of Este Woreda, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia Authored by Beletech Kindu The main objective of this finding was identified adaptation strategies and factors that influence the probability of farmers to choose adaptation measurements in Estie woreda. Mixed research approach was used. Data was collected from 166 households and 5 agricultural experts through questionnaires and interview. The collecting data was analyses by using stata software and statistical software SPSS version 20. Adaptation strategies were considered use new crop variety, irrigation, soil-water conservation and planting trees for this study. The result obtained from multinomial logistics model shows that, adaptation strategies significantly influenced by agro-ecological zone, age, farm income, non-farm income, farm size, distance to the market, access of extension service and climatic information variables. Lack of skills and la...

  Prediction of Aulacaspis Tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Populations Using RCP Scenarios in Luxor Governorate, Egypt Authored by Moustafa MS Bakry The present work was carried out to study the effect of some climatic factors on the population density of the white mango scale insect, Aulacaspis Tubercularis on mango trees during three time series (2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100) under four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5) as compared with the current population of the pest (average of population density for two years of 2017 and 2018) at Esna district, Luxor Governorate, Egypt. Monthly estimations of total A. tubercularis population indicated the presence of four peaks of insect abundance per year. The means of solar radiation were entirely above the optimum range for activities of nymphs, adult females and total population of A. tubercularis and solar radiation was the most effective variables in population changes by...

Review on The Expected Role of Climate Smart Agriculture on Food System in Ethiopia Authored by Bikila Tesfa Kebeda This paper reviews various articles, reports and documents on expected role of climate smart agriculture on food system and factors affecting its adoption in Ethiopia. Climate change is global phenomena and is already negatively impacting agricultural production globally and locally. Climate risks to cropping, livestock and fisheries are expected to increase in coming decades, particularly in low-income countries where adaptive capacity is weaker. By 2030, 90% of the world’s major crops, including maize, rice and wheat, will experience reduced or stagnant growth rates as a result of climate change. Climate change is expected to have a greater impact in low-income countries such as Ethiopia because of low numbers of trained people, poor infrastructures and limited economic capability to respond to the challenges. Developing countries such as Ethiopia are less...

Viability of Microorganisms in The Conditions of Permafrost Authored by Neustroev МP The generally accepted warming of the climate in the Arctic may increase the risk of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases of humans and animals due to the melting of permafrost, the intensive development of natural resources, controlled and uncontrolled paleontological excavations, expansion of vector habitats (insects, rodents), changes in the migration routes of migratory birds. It is very important to know the survival time of microorganisms in the environment for the sanitary-bacteriological assessment of environmental objects, as well as determining the possible period of contamination by their pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora in case that they are released by sick animals or bacteria carriers. To read more about this article:  https://irispublishers.com/wjass/fulltext/viability-of-microorganisms-in-the-conditions-of-permafrost.ID.000547.php To k...